Single-mode fiber for supercontium laser from 450 to 800 nm

classic Classic list List threaded Threaded
10 messages Options
yuansheng sun yuansheng sun
Reply | Threaded
Open this post in threaded view
|

Single-mode fiber for supercontium laser from 450 to 800 nm

*****
To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
*****

Dear Listers,

We are using a Fianium supercontinuum laser.  I am wondering if there is a
single-mode fiber to deliver a broad range of laser wavelengths from 450 to
800 nm.  I think the lower end (even at 400 nm) is not a problem, but I had
trouble in finding a fiber for the near IR and IR wavelengths.  Thank you
so much in advance for any suggestion.

Yuansheng Sun
W.M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging
University of Virginia
Craig Brideau Craig Brideau
Reply | Threaded
Open this post in threaded view
|

Re: Single-mode fiber for supercontium laser from 450 to 800 nm

*****
To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
*****

Our Fianium goes from 440nm to 800nm.  It has around 0.1 mW/nm close to 440
and about 1mW/nm close to 800nm.

Craig


On Fri, Feb 1, 2013 at 10:57 AM, yuansheng sun <[hidden email]>wrote:

> *****
> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> *****
>
> Dear Listers,
>
> We are using a Fianium supercontinuum laser.  I am wondering if there is a
> single-mode fiber to deliver a broad range of laser wavelengths from 450 to
> 800 nm.  I think the lower end (even at 400 nm) is not a problem, but I had
> trouble in finding a fiber for the near IR and IR wavelengths.  Thank you
> so much in advance for any suggestion.
>
> Yuansheng Sun
> W.M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging
> University of Virginia
>
Dmitry Sokolov Dmitry Sokolov
Reply | Threaded
Open this post in threaded view
|

Re: Single-mode fiber for supercontium laser from 450 to 800 nm

In reply to this post by yuansheng sun
*****
To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
*****

Hi Yuanshen,

would the  Endlessly Singlemode photonic crystal fiber do the job you
are after?

The information on the topic is being collected here:
http://confocal-manawatu.pbworks.com/w/page/63259581/Wide%20Wavelength%20Single%20Mode%20Fibre

You might like to confirm that with Newport and/or Fianium experts.
Please let me know how it went.

Cheers,
Dmitry

*Advanced Knowledge Management*
for *MICROSCOPY *and *Image Analysis *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Dmitry Sokolov*, Ph.D.
Mob: *+64 21 063 5382***
[hidden email] <mailto:[hidden email]>

02.02.2013 6:57, yuansheng sun ?????:

> *****
> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> *****
>
> Dear Listers,
>
> We are using a Fianium supercontinuum laser.  I am wondering if there is a
> single-mode fiber to deliver a broad range of laser wavelengths from 450 to
> 800 nm.  I think the lower end (even at 400 nm) is not a problem, but I had
> trouble in finding a fiber for the near IR and IR wavelengths.  Thank you
> so much in advance for any suggestion.
>
> Yuansheng Sun
> W.M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging
> University of Virginia
Jan Pala Jan Pala
Reply | Threaded
Open this post in threaded view
|

Re: Single-mode fiber for supercontium laser from 450 to 800 nm

In reply to this post by yuansheng sun
*****
To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
*****

Are these values for the power directly at the output of your tunable laser?
What's the power somewhere around 500-600 nm?
Craig Brideau Craig Brideau
Reply | Threaded
Open this post in threaded view
|

Re: Single-mode fiber for supercontium laser from 450 to 800 nm

*****
To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
*****

It's a continuum, so it doesn't 'tune' per se.  It emits everything at
once, and the figures I quoted are the power density at the blue and red
ends of the entire spectrum.  It has the most energy from 600-800nm, with
the spectral power density decreasing as you go bluer.  I'm at a conference
right now, but when I get back I can take a quick measurement for you at
around 500nm if you want to get the mW/nm in the green area.

Craig


On Sat, Feb 2, 2013 at 5:24 AM, Jan Pala <[hidden email]> wrote:

> *****
> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> *****
>
> Are these values for the power directly at the output of your tunable
> laser?
> What's the power somewhere around 500-600 nm?
>
Peter Gabriel Pitrone Peter Gabriel Pitrone
Reply | Threaded
Open this post in threaded view
|

Re: Single-mode fiber for supercontium laser from 450 to 800 nm

*****
To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
*****

Howdy,

I would recommend to use a hard coated narrowish bandpass filter with a
distinct yet known characteristic, that way you could at least cut out all
the noise from other wavelengths.

Good luck!!

Pete

On Sat, February 2, 2013 4:55 pm, Craig Brideau wrote:
| *****
| To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
| http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
| *****
|
| It's a continuum, so it doesn't 'tune' per se.  It emits everything at
| once, and the figures I quoted are the power density at the blue and red
| ends of the entire spectrum.  It has the most energy from 600-800nm, with
| the spectral power density decreasing as you go bluer.  I'm at a
| conference
| right now, but when I get back I can take a quick measurement for you at
| around 500nm if you want to get the mW/nm in the green area.
|
| Craig
|
|
| On Sat, Feb 2, 2013 at 5:24 AM, Jan Pala <[hidden email]> wrote:
|
|> *****
|> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
|> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
|> *****
|>
|> Are these values for the power directly at the output of your tunable
|> laser?
|> What's the power somewhere around 500-600 nm?
|>
|


--
Peter Gabriel Pitrone - TechRMS
Microscopy/Imaging Specialist
Prof. Dr. Pavel Tomancak group
Max Planck Institute for
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Pfotenhauerstr. 108
01307 Dresden

"If a straight line fit is required, obtain only two data points." - Anon.
yuansheng sun yuansheng sun
Reply | Threaded
Open this post in threaded view
|

Re: Single-mode fiber for supercontium laser from 450 to 800 nm

*****
To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
*****

Thanks a lot for all your suggestions.  The fianium we use emits a broad
spectrum, 440 to 2200 nm.  There is a 950-nm cutoff filter also made by
fianium.  Within 440-950 nm, we use a band-pass filter to select a laser
line, which is then delivered to the microscope by a QIOPTIQ fiber. Below
650 nm, the QIOPTIQ fiber is OK (> 30% throughput). But for the 740/10 nm
filter, there is only less than 4% of laser power out of the fiber.
 Thus, I am looking for a fiber which has a good throughput (at least
20%) for both visible and near IR lasers. We can control the laser power by
the fianium oscillator dial and a ND filter. For example, with the 740/10
nm filter, the laser power into the fiber can range from tens of uW to tens
of mW. But we definitely need to operate the IR laser in the mW range.

Sheng


On Saturday, February 2, 2013, Peter Gabriel Pitrone wrote:

> *****
> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> *****
>
> Howdy,
>
> I would recommend to use a hard coated narrowish bandpass filter with a
> distinct yet known characteristic, that way you could at least cut out all
> the noise from other wavelengths.
>
> Good luck!!
>
> Pete
>
> On Sat, February 2, 2013 4:55 pm, Craig Brideau wrote:
> | *****
> | To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> | http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> | *****
> |
> | It's a continuum, so it doesn't 'tune' per se.  It emits everything at
> | once, and the figures I quoted are the power density at the blue and red
> | ends of the entire spectrum.  It has the most energy from 600-800nm, with
> | the spectral power density decreasing as you go bluer.  I'm at a
> | conference
> | right now, but when I get back I can take a quick measurement for you at
> | around 500nm if you want to get the mW/nm in the green area.
> |
> | Craig
> |
> |
> | On Sat, Feb 2, 2013 at 5:24 AM, Jan Pala <[hidden email]<javascript:;>>
> wrote:
> |
> |> *****
> |> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> |> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> |> *****
> |>
> |> Are these values for the power directly at the output of your tunable
> |> laser?
> |> What's the power somewhere around 500-600 nm?
> |>
> |
>
>
> --
> Peter Gabriel Pitrone - TechRMS
> Microscopy/Imaging Specialist
> Prof. Dr. Pavel Tomancak group
> Max Planck Institute for
> Molecular Biology and Genetics
> Pfotenhauerstr. 108
> 01307 Dresden
>
> "If a straight line fit is required, obtain only two data points." - Anon.
>
Craig Brideau Craig Brideau
Reply | Threaded
Open this post in threaded view
|

Re: Single-mode fiber for supercontium laser from 450 to 800 nm

*****
To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
*****

Ah, that makes sense.  My Fianium is optimised for 1000um and shorter.
 These continuum lasers can be tweaked to give more power within a
particular band; mine seems to be a bit shorter than your model.  I should
have around 10mW with 740/10, although I can measure this when I get back
to the lab.  It also sounds like your QIOPTIQ fiber coupling may be low.
 Is it a multimode fiber or single mode?

Craig


On Sat, Feb 2, 2013 at 6:07 PM, yuansheng sun <[hidden email]>wrote:

> *****
> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> *****
>
> Thanks a lot for all your suggestions.  The fianium we use emits a broad
> spectrum, 440 to 2200 nm.  There is a 950-nm cutoff filter also made by
> fianium.  Within 440-950 nm, we use a band-pass filter to select a laser
> line, which is then delivered to the microscope by a QIOPTIQ fiber. Below
> 650 nm, the QIOPTIQ fiber is OK (> 30% throughput). But for the 740/10 nm
> filter, there is only less than 4% of laser power out of the fiber.
>  Thus, I am looking for a fiber which has a good throughput (at least
> 20%) for both visible and near IR lasers. We can control the laser power by
> the fianium oscillator dial and a ND filter. For example, with the 740/10
> nm filter, the laser power into the fiber can range from tens of uW to tens
> of mW. But we definitely need to operate the IR laser in the mW range.
>
> Sheng
>
>
> On Saturday, February 2, 2013, Peter Gabriel Pitrone wrote:
>
> > *****
> > To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> > http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> > *****
> >
> > Howdy,
> >
> > I would recommend to use a hard coated narrowish bandpass filter with a
> > distinct yet known characteristic, that way you could at least cut out
> all
> > the noise from other wavelengths.
> >
> > Good luck!!
> >
> > Pete
> >
> > On Sat, February 2, 2013 4:55 pm, Craig Brideau wrote:
> > | *****
> > | To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> > | http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> > | *****
> > |
> > | It's a continuum, so it doesn't 'tune' per se.  It emits everything at
> > | once, and the figures I quoted are the power density at the blue and
> red
> > | ends of the entire spectrum.  It has the most energy from 600-800nm,
> with
> > | the spectral power density decreasing as you go bluer.  I'm at a
> > | conference
> > | right now, but when I get back I can take a quick measurement for you
> at
> > | around 500nm if you want to get the mW/nm in the green area.
> > |
> > | Craig
> > |
> > |
> > | On Sat, Feb 2, 2013 at 5:24 AM, Jan Pala <[hidden email]
> <javascript:;>>
> > wrote:
> > |
> > |> *****
> > |> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> > |> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> > |> *****
> > |>
> > |> Are these values for the power directly at the output of your tunable
> > |> laser?
> > |> What's the power somewhere around 500-600 nm?
> > |>
> > |
> >
> >
> > --
> > Peter Gabriel Pitrone - TechRMS
> > Microscopy/Imaging Specialist
> > Prof. Dr. Pavel Tomancak group
> > Max Planck Institute for
> > Molecular Biology and Genetics
> > Pfotenhauerstr. 108
> > 01307 Dresden
> >
> > "If a straight line fit is required, obtain only two data points." -
> Anon.
> >
>
yuansheng sun yuansheng sun
Reply | Threaded
Open this post in threaded view
|

Re: Single-mode fiber for supercontium laser from 450 to 800 nm

*****
To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
*****

Hi Craig,

It is a single mode fiber.  At below 650 nm, I can get more than 35%
throughput.  So I think the alignment is ok.  I suspect the fiber is not
good at the near IR range.  Do you use any fiber after the cutoff filter?
 If so, can you share that information?  Thanks.

Sheng



On Saturday, February 2, 2013, Craig Brideau wrote:

> *****
> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> *****
>
> Ah, that makes sense.  My Fianium is optimised for 1000um and shorter.
>  These continuum lasers can be tweaked to give more power within a
> particular band; mine seems to be a bit shorter than your model.  I should
> have around 10mW with 740/10, although I can measure this when I get back
> to the lab.  It also sounds like your QIOPTIQ fiber coupling may be low.
>  Is it a multimode fiber or single mode?
>
> Craig
>
>
> On Sat, Feb 2, 2013 at 6:07 PM, yuansheng sun <[hidden email]<javascript:;>
> >wrote:
>
> > *****
> > To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> > http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> > *****
> >
> > Thanks a lot for all your suggestions.  The fianium we use emits a broad
> > spectrum, 440 to 2200 nm.  There is a 950-nm cutoff filter also made by
> > fianium.  Within 440-950 nm, we use a band-pass filter to select a laser
> > line, which is then delivered to the microscope by a QIOPTIQ fiber. Below
> > 650 nm, the QIOPTIQ fiber is OK (> 30% throughput). But for the 740/10 nm
> > filter, there is only less than 4% of laser power out of the fiber.
> >  Thus, I am looking for a fiber which has a good throughput (at least
> > 20%) for both visible and near IR lasers. We can control the laser power
> by
> > the fianium oscillator dial and a ND filter. For example, with the 740/10
> > nm filter, the laser power into the fiber can range from tens of uW to
> tens
> > of mW. But we definitely need to operate the IR laser in the mW range.
> >
> > Sheng
> >
> >
> > On Saturday, February 2, 2013, Peter Gabriel Pitrone wrote:
> >
> > > *****
> > > To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> > > http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> > > *****
> > >
> > > Howdy,
> > >
> > > I would recommend to use a hard coated narrowish bandpass filter with a
> > > distinct yet known characteristic, that way you could at least cut out
> > all
> > > the noise from other wavelengths.
> > >
> > > Good luck!!
> > >
> > > Pete
> > >
> > > On Sat, February 2, 2013 4:55 pm, Craig Brideau wrote:
> > > | *****
> > > | To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> > > | http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> > > | *****
> > > |
> > > | It's a continuum, so it doesn't 'tune' per se.  It emits everything
> at
> > > | once, and the figures I quoted are the power density at the blue and
> > red
> > > | ends of the entire spectrum.  It has the most energy from 600-800nm,
> > with
> > > | the spectral power density decreasing as you go bluer.  I'm at a
> > > | conference
> > > | right now, but when I get back I can take a quick measurement for you
> > at
> > > | around 500nm if you want to get the mW/nm in the green area.
> > > |
> > > | Craig
> > > |
> > > |
> > > | On Sat, Feb 2, 2013 at 5:24 AM, Jan Pala <[hidden email]<javascript:;>
> > <javascript:;>>
> > > wrote:
> > > |
> > > |> *****
> > > |> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> > > |> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> > > |> *****
> > > |>
> > > |> Are these values for the power directly at the output of your
> tunable
> > > |> laser?
> > > |> What's the power somewhere around 500-600 nm?
> > > |>
> > > |
> > >
> > >
> > > --
> > > Peter Gabriel Pitrone - TechRMS
> > > Microscopy/Imaging Specialist
> > > Prof. Dr. Pavel Tomancak group
> > > Max Planck Institute for
> > > Molecular Biology and Genetics
> > > Pfotenhauerstr. 108
> > > 01307 Dresden
> > >
> > > "If a straight line fit is required, obtain only two data points." -
> > Anon.
> > >
> >
>
Dmitry Sokolov Dmitry Sokolov
Reply | Threaded
Open this post in threaded view
|

Re: Single-mode fiber for supercontium laser from 450 to 800 nm

*****
To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
*****

Hi Sheng,

I would classify your problem as a need in the wide wavelength range
single mode fibre:
http://confocal-manawatu.pbworks.com/w/page/63259581/Wide%20Wavelength%20Single%20Mode%20Fibre

What do you think of using the "Endlessly Singlemode photonic crystal
fiber":
http://confocal-manawatu.pbworks.com/w/page/63258985/Endlessly%20Singlemode%20photonic%20crystal%20fiber

I would contact Newport and Fianium experts to be absolutely sure about
this possibility and other options.

Please let me know how it went.

Cheers,
Dmitry

*Advanced Knowledge Management*
for *MICROSCOPY *and *Image Analysis *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Dmitry Sokolov*, Ph.D.
Mob: *+64 21 063 5382***
[hidden email] <mailto:[hidden email]>



03.02.2013 17:27, yuansheng sun ?????:

> *****
> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
> *****
>
> Hi Craig,
>
> It is a single mode fiber.  At below 650 nm, I can get more than 35%
> throughput.  So I think the alignment is ok.  I suspect the fiber is not
> good at the near IR range.  Do you use any fiber after the cutoff filter?
>   If so, can you share that information?  Thanks.
>
> Sheng
>
>
>
> On Saturday, February 2, 2013, Craig Brideau wrote:
>
>> *****
>> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
>> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
>> *****
>>
>> Ah, that makes sense.  My Fianium is optimised for 1000um and shorter.
>>   These continuum lasers can be tweaked to give more power within a
>> particular band; mine seems to be a bit shorter than your model.  I should
>> have around 10mW with 740/10, although I can measure this when I get back
>> to the lab.  It also sounds like your QIOPTIQ fiber coupling may be low.
>>   Is it a multimode fiber or single mode?
>>
>> Craig
>>
>>
>> On Sat, Feb 2, 2013 at 6:07 PM, yuansheng sun <[hidden email]<javascript:;>
>>> wrote:
>>> *****
>>> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
>>> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
>>> *****
>>>
>>> Thanks a lot for all your suggestions.  The fianium we use emits a broad
>>> spectrum, 440 to 2200 nm.  There is a 950-nm cutoff filter also made by
>>> fianium.  Within 440-950 nm, we use a band-pass filter to select a laser
>>> line, which is then delivered to the microscope by a QIOPTIQ fiber. Below
>>> 650 nm, the QIOPTIQ fiber is OK (> 30% throughput). But for the 740/10 nm
>>> filter, there is only less than 4% of laser power out of the fiber.
>>>   Thus, I am looking for a fiber which has a good throughput (at least
>>> 20%) for both visible and near IR lasers. We can control the laser power
>> by
>>> the fianium oscillator dial and a ND filter. For example, with the 740/10
>>> nm filter, the laser power into the fiber can range from tens of uW to
>> tens
>>> of mW. But we definitely need to operate the IR laser in the mW range.
>>>
>>> Sheng
>>>
>>>
>>> On Saturday, February 2, 2013, Peter Gabriel Pitrone wrote:
>>>
>>>> *****
>>>> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
>>>> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
>>>> *****
>>>>
>>>> Howdy,
>>>>
>>>> I would recommend to use a hard coated narrowish bandpass filter with a
>>>> distinct yet known characteristic, that way you could at least cut out
>>> all
>>>> the noise from other wavelengths.
>>>>
>>>> Good luck!!
>>>>
>>>> Pete
>>>>
>>>> On Sat, February 2, 2013 4:55 pm, Craig Brideau wrote:
>>>> | *****
>>>> | To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
>>>> | http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
>>>> | *****
>>>> |
>>>> | It's a continuum, so it doesn't 'tune' per se.  It emits everything
>> at
>>>> | once, and the figures I quoted are the power density at the blue and
>>> red
>>>> | ends of the entire spectrum.  It has the most energy from 600-800nm,
>>> with
>>>> | the spectral power density decreasing as you go bluer.  I'm at a
>>>> | conference
>>>> | right now, but when I get back I can take a quick measurement for you
>>> at
>>>> | around 500nm if you want to get the mW/nm in the green area.
>>>> |
>>>> | Craig
>>>> |
>>>> |
>>>> | On Sat, Feb 2, 2013 at 5:24 AM, Jan Pala <[hidden email]<javascript:;>
>>> <javascript:;>>
>>>> wrote:
>>>> |
>>>> |> *****
>>>> |> To join, leave or search the confocal microscopy listserv, go to:
>>>> |> http://lists.umn.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=confocalmicroscopy
>>>> |> *****
>>>> |>
>>>> |> Are these values for the power directly at the output of your
>> tunable
>>>> |> laser?
>>>> |> What's the power somewhere around 500-600 nm?
>>>> |>
>>>> |
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> Peter Gabriel Pitrone - TechRMS
>>>> Microscopy/Imaging Specialist
>>>> Prof. Dr. Pavel Tomancak group
>>>> Max Planck Institute for
>>>> Molecular Biology and Genetics
>>>> Pfotenhauerstr. 108
>>>> 01307 Dresden
>>>>
>>>> "If a straight line fit is required, obtain only two data points." -
>>> Anon.