Re: Liquid light guides for lasers?

Posted by Craig Brideau on
URL: http://confocal-microscopy-list.275.s1.nabble.com/Liquid-light-guides-for-lasers-tp7580735p7580740.html

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The light guide is acting somewhat like a Homogenizing Rod:

http://www.edmundoptics.com/optics/prisms/light-pipes-homogenizing-rods/tapered-light-pipe-homogenizing-rods/3071

The width of the guide allows light to 'rattle around' inside of it which
eliminates structure and coherence in the light.  The end result is a
relatively flat output.  Coupling the lasers in via single mode sounds like
a bit of a waste; I'd just try expanding the beams out to a bit smaller
than the light guide diameter and just fire them into the end of it.  If
your guide is long enough and has some gentle bends in it, you should seem
some cleanup, in theory.

Craig Brideau
Hotchkiss Brain Institute
University of Calgary



On Mon, Jul 22, 2013 at 1:56 PM, Matthew Nicholas <
[hidden email]> wrote:

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>  Thanks very much for the information, Zdenek. Based on the behavior of
> multimode fibers you mentioned, I wondered whether  LLGs might exhibit
> similar behavior. I'm actually interested in how lasers propagate through
> LLGs in relation to illumination for widefield fluorescence microscopy
> (TIRFM, to be specific). We have a setup with multiple lasers, which we
> currently plan to guide through a broadband, single-mode fiber in order to
> clean up the beam profiles (i.e. using the fiber as a spatial filter),
> followed by collimation with a parabolic mirror. However, the power
> capacity of the fiber is somewhat limited, and it's been my impression that
> LLGs have far better throughput efficiency, at least for noncoherent,
> extended sources like lamps (perhaps specifically because LLGs support
> multiple transverse modes?). In addition, the Guassian profile is actually
> somewhat undesirable, since it does not provide even illumination without
> substantial beam expansion (and thus loss of significant power density in
> the object field). I was doing some research on beam shaping and came
> across a couple references that seemed to suggest the output of a LLG is
> more uniform (i.e. a "top-hat" distribution, rather than Gaussian), and
> that LLGs tend to eliminate coherence, e.g.
>
> http://www.microscopyu.com/articles/livecellimaging/automaticmicroscope.html
> :
>
> "The most widely used and practical method of coupling a light source to
> the microscope, while also reducing coherence, is to focus the light into a
> flexible length of single-mode optical fiber or a liquid light guide (see
> Figure 9). Thermal motion in the liquid light guide constantly alters the
> optical path and scatters light so that both spatial and temporal coherence
> are effectively eliminated. In the case of a coiled single-mode optical
> fiber, the cladding reflections constantly change because the fiber flexes
> slightly, producing an exit beam that is effectively uniform in intensity
> over time and space. The technique of vibrating the fiber (at a frequency
> of up to 100 kilohertz) is also effective in scrambling the light. The
> light phase is scrambled due to the varying path lengths of light waves
> passing through the fiber, although the high radiance and monochromaticity
> are preserved. The exit beam is described by a *top-hat* intensity profile
> rather than the Gaussian profile that is characteristic of laser light...."
>
> So basically I was wondering if a LLG might provide more even illumination
> and fewer interference effects (speckle, etc.). My intuition told me "no,"
> especially since I've never seen this done by others, but I was curious.
> Thanks very much for sharing your experience.
>
> Cheers,
> Matt
>
> On 7/20/2013 1:48 AM, Zdenek Svindrych wrote:
>
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> Dear Matt,
>
> I don't have much experience using LLGs with lasers... But as fat as I know
> you can get TEM00 only from a single mode fiber (that is some five to ten
> microns in diameter). With thicker fibers more modes can propagate and the
> output beam profile depends on which modes you excite, e.g. it depends on
> the angle of input beam. The far filed output of a 300 micron (pretty
> thick)
> fiber can easily look like a ring with dark center.
>
> With LLGs it's even more severe, as they are far thicker (3 to 5
> millimeters). You may try it yourself by shooting your cheap green pointer
> (these usually have surprisingly nice mode structure, crapped only by the
> plastic lenses inside) into an LLG. The output is far from gaussian...
>
> Still there is some coherence in the output, and probably you'll get a lot
> of speckle. It depends on your application, but most of the time it is not
> practical to use LLGs with lasers. You loose all the nice features lasers
> (diffraction-limited performance) and the bad features remain (speckle).
>
> So, the last bit: Why do you want that?
>
> Cheers,
> zdenek svindrych
>
>
>
> ---------- Původní zpráva ----------
> Od: Matthew Nicholas <[hidden email]>
> <[hidden email]>
> Datum: 19. 7. 2013
> Předmět: Liquid light guides for lasers?
>
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> Dear list,
> I'm wondering if anyone has any experience using liquid light guides with
> lasers? In particular, I'm interested in what the beam profile exiting the
> fiber typically looks like (assuming a Gaussian/TEM_00 input), and whether
> the emitted light is still spatially coherent. Any experience anyone could
> share (including products with which you've had success) would be quite
> helpful and much appreciated! I'd also be very interested if anyone can
> suggest a good reference on optical properties of liquid light guides that
> includes discussion of laser applications. So far, I have not been able to
> find much, and unfortunately I have zero personal experience in this area.
>
> Thanks in advance for any help you can offer,
> Matt
>